Cutner v. United States, 84 U.S. 517 (1873)
U.S. Supreme Court
Cutner v. United States, 84 U.S. 17 Wall. 517 517 (1873)Cutner v. United States
84 U.S. (17 Wall.) 517
Syllabus
1. A sale made without "a license to trade," by a loyal citizen of the United States on the 6th of March, 1865, when Savannah was occupied by the federal troops, to a loyal citizen of New York, of cotton which had been returned by the owner, registered, and taken into possession by the United States, and sent for sale to New York under the Captured and Abandoned Property Act held void, although the bill of sale of the cotton authorized the attorney of the vendors to receive the proceeds of sale and pay them to the vendees, and was thus argued to have been not a sale of the cotton at Savannah, Georgia, but a sale of claim in Washington, D.C. This was apparently decided under the Act of July 13, 1861, prohibiting and making unlawful
"all commercial intercourse between the inhabitants of any state proclaimed to be in a state of insurrection against the United States and the citizens of the rest of the United States so long as such condition of hostility should continue,"
and the Act of July 2, 1864, making the prohibition applicable to all commercial intercourse to persons being within districts within the lines of National military occupation in such states.
2. Held further, the full consideration -- money of the purchase having been paid, that the vendor could not sustain a suit in the Court of Claims for the proceeds of the cotton, for the use of the vendee; that the vendor was not entitled to sue for himself, because he had been paid in full, nor entitled to sue for his vendee, because the sale was unlawful and void.
Cutner, a loyal citizen of the United States, resident at Savannah, Georgia, one of the states which went into rebellion, was, on the 21st of December, 1864, the owner of thirty bales of cotton. On the day just named, Savannah was captured by the army of the United States. On the 23d of February, 1865, Cutner reported his cotton to the commanding officer, and it was registered, in compliance with general military orders, by the Treasury agents in his name; and on the 3d of March following taken into the custody of the Treasury agents of the United States and shipped to New York, and there sold by the United States; the net proceeds, amounting to $6,897, being paid into the Treasury.
On the 6th of March, 1865, Cutner executed a bill of sale of the cotton specifically, and describing it as "all that certain lot and quantity of cotton, viz., thirty bales of cotton, marked S.C.," to Schiffer & Co., of New York, and received at the time, from one Stewart, the attorney and agent of Schiffer & Co., $2,250, the entire consideration named in the bill of sale. The bill of sale recited that the cotton sold was the same which he, Cutner, had described in a petition of March 6, 1865, to the President of the United States; and it authorized Stewart, the attorney, "to pay over to Schiffer & Co. any and all proceeds which may arise from the same when sold." At the time of this sale Schiffer & Co. had no license to trade with the enemy.
By Act of July 13, 1861, [Footnote 1] it was enacted, that "all commercial intercourse" between the inhabitants of any state, or any section, or part thereof, who the President should declare "were in a state of insurrection against the United
States," and the citizens of the rest of the United States should "cease and be unlawful so long as such condition of hostility shall continue."
By proclamation of August 16, 1862, [Footnote 2] the President declared the State of Georgia to be in such state of insurrection.
By the Act of July 2, 1864, [Footnote 3] the prohibitions upon commercial intercourse with the territory in rebellion, are made to apply
"to all commercial intercourse by and between persons residing or being within districts within the present or future lines of National military occupation in the states or parts of states declared in insurrection, whether with each other or with persons residing or being within districts declared in insurrection, and not within those lines."
It was not denied by Cutner, or Schiffer & Co., or at the bar, that the sale had been made in Savannah.
In this state of things Cutner, suing for the use of Schiffer & Co., filed a petition in the court below, under the provisions of the Captured and Abandoned Property Act, asking for restitution of the proceeds of the cotton in the Treasury.
The Court of Claims held:
1. That Schiffer was the real and beneficial claimant in this suit, although Cutner was the nominal one.
2. That the pretended transfer of the cotton by Cutner to Schiffer, on 6th March, 1865, was in violation of the nonintercourse acts of Congress and the President's proclamations made subsequent thereto, and therefore inoperative to clothe the real claimant, Schiffer, with a valid title to the cotton, or to vest in him a right to the proceeds thereof.
The court accordingly dismissed the petition. Hence this appeal.
Messrs. A. G. Riddle and A. L. Merriman, for the appellant:
There was no violation of the law restricting commercial intercourse in this transaction. However, the subject of
sale is described in the bill of sale, the property sold was a claim against the United States for thirty bales of cotton or the proceeds of them, and, as a matter of course, was situated at the seat of government. Then the purchasers were loyal citizens of a loyal state, and being such, could not be presumed to have intended to send the fruits of such contract to the aid of the insurrectionary government, even if it were possible (which it was not) to have obtained the subject matter of the trade from the government before sale thereof.
