Western Maryland R. Co. v. Rogan, 340 U.S. 520 (1951)

U.S. Supreme Court

Western Maryland R. Co. v. Rogan, 340 U.S. 520 (1951) Western Maryland R. Co. v. Rogan

No. 205

Argued Nov. 28, 29, 1950

Decided Feb. 26, 1951

340 U.S. 520

APPEAL FROM THE COURT OF APPEALS OF MARYLAND

Syllabus

A Maryland franchise tax on railroads, measured by gross receipts apportioned according to mileage within the State, was challenged as invalid under the Import-Export Clause, Art. I, § 10, cl. 2, of the Federal Constitution, to the extent that the gross receipts by which the tax is measured include revenues derived from the transportation of goods moving in foreign trade. Held: the tax is sustained. Canton R. Co. v. Rogan, ante, p. 340 U. S. 511.

___ Md. ___, 73 A.2d 12, affirmed.

MR. JUSTICE DOUGLAS delivered the opinion of the Court.

This is a companion case to Canton R. Co. v. Rogan, ante, p. 340 U. S. 511. This appellant likewise challenges the validity under Art. I, § 10, cl. 2 of the Constitution of the application of the Maryland franchise tax * to the extent

Page 340 U. S. 521

that the gross receipts by which the tax is measured include revenues derived from the transportation of goods moving in foreign trade.

Western Maryland Railway Company is an interstate common carrier by rail with lines in Maryland, West Virginia, and Pennsylvania. It operates several piers in the port of Baltimore for handling cargoes of coal, ores, and general merchandise, as well as a grain elevator. A substantial proportion of Western Maryland's freight traffic from and to these facilities consists of the transportation of goods imported into or to be exported from the United States.

The present case concerns the taxable years 1945 and 1946. For 1945, Western Maryland reported gross receipts of $33,156,236.74, of which the State Tax Commission, pursuant to the statutory formula, apportioned $13,219,822.62 to Maryland. For 1946, the amounts were $30,844,132.74 and $12,322,817.41, respectively. In subsequent amended returns, Western Maryland excluded from taxable receipts the sums of $2,505,322.58 for 1945 and.$5,405,559.44 for 1946. It claimed that these amounts represented revenues from the transportation over its lines of exports and imports, and were therefore beyond the state's power to tax. After a hearing, the Commission rejected this contention. Its assessment was sustained, and the case is here on appeal.

What we have said in Canton R. Co. v. Rogan, supra, is dispositive of this case. The present facts illustrate how wide a zone of tax immunity would be created if the contrary holding were made in the Canton R. Co. case. There, we were dealing with the handling of exports and imports within a port. Here, we have transportation of exports and imports to and from the port. If Maryland were required to grant tax immunity to the services involved in getting the exports to the port and the imports to their destination, so would any other

Page 340 U. S. 522

State. The ultimate impact of such a holding is difficult to measure, since manifold services are involved in the movement of exports and imports within the country. Problems of this nature, like many problems in the law, involve the drawing of lines. So far as taxes on activities connected with bringing exports to or imports from the ship are concerned, we think the line must be drawn at the water's edge. Whether loading and unloading would be exempt is a question we reserve.

Affirmed.

THE CHIEF JUSTICE took no part in the consideration or decision of this case.

[For opinion of MR. JUSTICE JACKSON, joined b y MR. JUSTICE FRANKFURTER, reserving judgment in this case and in No. 96, Canton R. Co. v. Rogan, see ante, p. 340 U. S. 511.]

* Art. 81, §§ 94 1/2 and 95; Md.Ann.Code 1943 Supp.