Farncomb v. Denver, 252 U.S. 7 (1920)

U.S. Supreme Court

Farncomb v. Denver, 252 U.S. 7 (1920) Farncomb v. City and County of Denver

No. 110

Argued January 14, 1920

Decided March 1, 1920

252 U.S. 7

ERROR TO THE SUPREME COURT

OF THE STATE OF COLORADO

Syllabus

As construed by the Supreme Court of Colorado, §§ 300 and 328 of the charter of the City and County of Denver gave property owners an opportunity to be heard before the Board of Supervisors respecting the justice and validity of local assessments for public improvements proposed by the Park Commission, and empowered the board itself to determine such complaints before the assessments were made. P. 252 U. S. 9.

Parties who did not avail themselves of such opportunity cannot be heard to complain of such assessments as unconstitutional. P. 252 U. S. 11.

64 Colo. 3 affirmed.

The case is stated in the opinion.

Page 252 U. S. 8

MR. JUSTICE DAY delivered the opinion of the Court.

Suit was brought in the District Court of the City and County of Denver by the plaintiffs in error to enjoin the city from enforcing an assessment ordinance passed to raise the necessary means to pay for certain park improvements and the construction of boulevards and streets in the City of Denver.

The charter of the City of Denver was before this Court in Londoner v. Denver, 210 U. S. 373. Sections 298 and 299 of the charter provided that the Board of Local Improvements shall prepare a statement showing the costs of improvements, interest, cost of collection, etc., and apportion the same upon each lot or tract of land to be assessed, shall cause the same to be certified by the president, and filed in the office of the clerk. The clerk shall then, by advertisement in some newspaper of general circulation published in the city and county. notify the owners of the real estate to be assessed and all persons interested that said improvements have been or will be completed, and shall specify the whole cost of the improvement, and the share so apportioned to each lot, or tract of land, or person, and any complaint or objection that may be made in writing by such persons or owners to the board of supervisors and filed with the clerk within 60 days from the first publication of such notice shall be heard and determined by the Board of Supervisors at its first regular meeting after 60 days, and before the passage of any ordinance assessing the cost of the improvements.

Section 300 provides:

"At the meeting specified in said notice, or any adjournment thereof, the board of supervisors, sitting as a board of equalization, shall hear and determine all such complaints and objections, and may recommend to the board of public works any modification of their apportionments; the board of public

Page 252 U. S. 9

works may thereupon make such modifications and changes as to them may seem equitable and just, and may confirm the first apportionment, and shall notify the council of their final decision, and the council shall thereupon, by ordinance, assess the costs of said improvements against all the real estate in said district and against such persons, respectively, in the proportions above mentioned."

Section 328 of the charter provides:

"When the cost of any such park site or parkway is definitely determined, the park commission shall prepare, certify, and file with the clerk a statement showing the cost thereof as required in § 298 hereof; the clerk shall thereupon give the notice required by § 299 hereof, and thereupon the same proceedings required in § 300 hereof shall be had, except that the proceedings therein provided to be observed by the board shall be observed by the park commission, and the council shall thereupon by ordinance assess the cost against the other real estate as aforesaid, in the district, in accordance with said apportionments."

The federal question, brought before us by the writ of error, concerns the constitutionality of § 300, above set forth, the contention being that it does not give interested property owners the opportunity to be heard where the property is to be specially assessed for making improvements of the character in question, as the hearing provided is before a board which has no power to decide any complaint which the property owner may have or make with respect to the validity or falseness of such assessment, or to correct any error in such assessment, but only has power to recommend to the power or authority, originally making the assessment, any modifications of portions of such assessment. That is, that the Board of Supervisors has only the power to recommend to the Board of Park Commissioners the apportionment to be made in the assessment. It is the contention of the plaintiffs in error that the hearing thus afforded does not

Page 252 U. S. 10

give due process of law within the meaning of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution. The Supreme Court of Colorado, affirming the judgment of the district court, denied this contention and affirmed the judgment of the district court sustaining the validity of the assessment. 64 Colo. 3.

The Supreme Court of Colorado held that the question had already been disposed of by its own previous decision, affirmed as to the constitutional point by our decision in Londoner v. Denver, 210 U. S. 373, supra. In Londoner v. Denver, the section of the charter now involved was before this Court, being then § 31 of the charter. Section 300, to all intents, is the same in terms as § 31 except that the Board of Supervisors, sitting as a board of equalization, is substituted for the City Council.

This Court, when dealing with the constitutionality of state statutes challenged under the Fourteenth Amendment, accepts the meaning thereof as construed by the highest court of the state. St. Louis & Kansas City Land Co. v. Kansas City, 241 U. S. 419, 241 U. S. 427.

In Londoner v. Denver, this Court accepted, as it was bound to do, the construction of the charter made by the state court, and upon that construction determined its constitutional validity. The city charter was construed in the Supreme Court in 33 Colo. 104. In the opinion in that case, after discussing the steps required in making improvements of the character involve here, the court, in dealing with § 31, said (p. 117):

"Notwithstanding the apparently mandatory words used in § 31, supra, we do not think that thereby the legislative power and discretion of the city council is taken away and vested in the board of public works, but that the former, in the exercise of its functions, is empowered to pass an assessing ordinance charging property with the cost of an improvement, which, according to its judgment, would be just and equitable. "

Page 252 U. S. 11

Adopting this construction of the section and considering the objection urged that it would not afford due process of law, this Court, by Mr. Justice Moody, said (p. 210 U. S. 379):

"The ninth assignment questions the constitutionality of that part of the law which authorizes the assessment of benefits. It seems desirable for the proper disposition of this and the next assignment to state the construction which the Supreme Court gave to the charter. This may be found in the judgment under review and two cases decided with it. Denver v. Kennedy, 33 Colo. 80; Denver v. Dumars, 33 Colo. 94. From these cases, it appears that the lien upon the adjoining land arises out of the assessment; after the cost of the work and the provisional apportionment is certified to the city council the landowners affected are afforded an opportunity to be heard upon the validity and amount of the assessment by the council sitting as a board of equalization; if any further notice than the notice to file complaints and objections is required, the city authorities have the implied power to give it; the hearing must be before the assessment is made; this hearing, provided for by § 31, is one where the board of equalization 'shall hear the parties complaining and such testimony as they may offer in support of their complaints and objections as would be competent and relevant,' 33 Colo. 97, and that the full hearing before the board of equalization excludes the courts from entertaining any objections which are cognizable by this board. The statute itself therefore is clear of all constitutional faults."

Plaintiffs in error did not avail themselves of the privilege of a hearing as provided by this section, but, after the assessing ordinance had been passed, began this proceeding in the district court to test the constitutionality of the law. As we have said, the question as to what should be a proper construction of the charter provision was not for our decision; that matter was within the

Page 252 U. S. 12

sole authority of the state court, and was disposed of, as the Supreme Court of Colorado held, by the former cases reported in 33 Colorado, and by our decision based upon that construction in Londoner v. Denver, supra. As the plaintiffs in error had an opportunity to be heard before the board duly constituted by § 300, they cannot be heard to complain now. It follows that the judgment of the Supreme Court of Colorado must be

Affirmed.