First National Bank v. Estherville, 215 U.S. 341 (1910)

U.S. Supreme Court

First National Bank v. Estherville, 215 U.S. 341 (1910) First National Bank v. Estherville

No. 64

Argued December 10, 1909

Decided January 3, 1910

215 U.S. 341

ERROR TO THE SUPREME COURT

OF THE STATE OF IOWA

Syllabus

Where the validity of the local statute under which national bank shares are assessed was not drawn in question, but the only objection in the state court was that the assessment was in excess of actual value, exorbitant, unjust, and not in proportion with other like property, no federal right was set up or denied, and this Court has no jurisdiction to review the judgment under § 709, Rev.Stat.

Writ of error to review 136 Ia. 203 dismissed.

The facts are stated in the opinion.

Page 215 U. S. 344

MR. CHIEF JUSTICE FULLER delivered the opinion of the Court.

This was an appeal under § 1373 of the Code of Iowa, from the action of the members of the City Council of the City of Estherville, Iowa, sitting as a Board of equalization and review in fixing the assessed value of the shares of stock in the plaintiff bank for the year 1906. The shares of stock in the plaintiff bank were assessed by the assessor on the basis of the book or assessed value, obtained by adding the capital, surplus, and undivided profits of the bank, and dividing the sum total by the number of shares of capital stock, to ascertain the value of one share, a proper deduction having been made on account of real estate owned by the bank. The Board of Review and Equalization raised the assessed valuation of the shares to $130 per share. The bank and its shareholders appeared before the Board, and objected to its action and to the valuation fixed by them as being in excess of the actual value, and exorbitant and unjust. The bank contended that the stock was not assessed and valued in proportion to other like personal property in the City of Estherville, but was grossly in excess thereof, and constituted unfair and unequal taxation, and that the taxable value of the shares of the stock in the bank should be found as the assessor had previously found it. But, the Board adhering to its own judgment, plaintiffs perfected an appeal to the District Court of Emmett County,

Page 215 U. S. 345

Iowa. In that court, plaintiffs filed a pleading containing a recital of the facts and demanding relief, and reiterating the same contention as made below, and the same claim as to the proper manner to arrive at the assessable valuation of said shares of stock. Answer was filed in behalf of the Board, wherein it was denied that the assessment, as raised, was unjust, and asserted that the market value was the proper criterion for valuation, and that the actual and market value of the stock in question was even greater than that fixed in the raised assessment. It was also denied that the assessment was unfair as related to the assessment on other like property.

The district court sustained the action of the Board of Review, whereupon the case was appealed to the Supreme Court of Iowa, which affirmed the decree of the district court. 136 Ia. 203. In the supreme court it was contended for the first time that the action of the Board worked a violation of § 5219 of the United States Revised Statutes, touching upon state taxation of national bank shares. Because of the fact that such matter was not presented to the Board or suggested on the trial in the court below, the supreme court refused to entertain the question. What the court said was this (p. 206):

"In doing so we shall first dispose of a matter of contention brought forward for the first time in argument in this court. This contention is, through the action of the defendant board, as complained of, there was worked a violation of § 5219 of U.S. Revised Statutes, having to do with the subject of state taxation of national bank shares. As confessedly such matter was not presented to the board or suggested on the trial in the court below, we cannot give consideration thereto on merits in this court. But this is to follow our repeated decisions bearing on the subject. Railway Co. v. Cedar Rapids, 106 Ia. 476; Trust Co. v. Fonda, 114 Ia. 728."

And further (p. 208):

"On appeal to the district court, the statute (Code, § 1373) provides for a hearing as in equity. This, however, is not to

Page 215 U. S. 346

be construed as clothing the court with jurisdiction to sit as an assessing tribunal. Frost v. Board, 114 Ia. 103; Farmers' &c. Co. v. Fonda, 114 Ia. 728."

We are met at the threshold by a motion to dismiss for want of jurisdiction. It was ruled in Tyler v. Judges of Registration, 179 U. S. 405, 179 U. S. 408, that, although

"it is true that, under the third clause of § 709, Rev.Stat., where a title, right, privilege, or immunity is claimed under federal law, such title, etc., must be 'specially set up or claimed,' and that no such provision is made as to cases within the second clause, involving the constitutionality of state statutes or authorities, but it is nonetheless true that the authority of such statute must 'be drawn in question' by someone who has been affected by the decision of a state court in favor of its validity, and that, in this particular, the three clauses of the section are practically identical."

In order to give this Court jurisdiction of a writ of error to the highest court of a state in which a decision could be had, it must appear affirmatively that a federal question was presented for decision, that its decision was necessary to the determination of the cause, and that it was actually decided, or that the judgment rendered could not have been given without deciding it.

The only complaint made before the reviewing board and the district court was that the assessment was in excess of the actual value of such stock, and exorbitant and unjust, and that the taxable value thereof should be no greater sum than is obtained by adding the capital, surplus, and undivided profits of said bank, subtracting therefrom the amount of the bank's capital invested in real estate, and dividing the remainder by the number of its shares of capital stock to obtain the true assessable value of one share of stock; also that

"said stock is not assessed and valued in proportion to other like personal property in the City of Estherville, but is grossly in excess thereof, and unfair to these appellants, and is unequal taxation. "

Page 215 U. S. 347

These were not federal questions. No mention of the national banking act was made, nor any right or privilege claimed under it, nor were the provisions of the Revised Statutes invoked by name or otherwise. There was no assertion of an issue in the case claiming the local statutes to be in conflict with, or repugnant to the terms of, § 5219 of the Revised Statutes or the Constitution of the United States. Plaintiffs filed a written pleading in the district court in which they set out all proceedings leading up to the appeal and the grounds for their complaint against the action of the equalization Board, and, when the case went to trial, filed an amendment alleging the additional grievance of inequality.

Section 1322 of the Iowa Code reads as follows:

"National, state, and savings banks. -- Shares of stock of national banks shall be assessed to the individual stockholders at the place where the bank is located. Shares of stock of state and savings banks and loan and trust companies shall be assessed to such banks and loan and trust companies, and not to the individual stockholders. At the time the assessment is made, the officers of national banks shall furnish the assessor with a list of all the stockholders and the number of shares owned by each, and he shall list to each stockholder, under the head of corporation stock, the total value of such shares. To aid the assessor in fixing the value of such shares, the corporation shall furnish him a verified statement of all the matters provided in the preceding section, which shall also show separately the amount of capital stock, and the surplus and undivided earnings, and the assessor, from such statement and other information he can obtain, including any statement furnished to and information obtained by the auditor of state, which shall be furnished him on request, shall fix the value of such stock, taking into account the capital, surplus, and undivided earnings. In arriving at the total value of the shares of stock of such corporations, the amount of their capital actually invested in real estate owned by them [and in the shares of stock of

Page 215 U. S. 348

corporations owning only the real estate (inclusive of leasehold interest, if any) on or in which the bank or trust company is located] shall be deducted from the real value of such shares, and such real estate shall be assessed as other real estate, and the property of such corporations shall not be otherwise assessed."

But the court held that the assessor need not rely entirely upon the statements which the bank is required by the section to furnish, but might take into consideration other information he might obtain, and, construing that section in connection with § 1305 of the Code, reading,

"All property subject to taxation shall be valued at its actual value. . . . Such assessed value shall . . . be taken and considered as the taxable value of such property, . . . upon which the levy shall be made. Actual value of property, as used in this chapter, shall mean its value in the market in the ordinary course of trade,"

found that the shares should be assessed at their market or sale values, and then the court proceeded to ascertain, on the facts, whether the shares were taxed at more than their market value, and whether at a greater rate in proportion to the value of other like personal property.

If plaintiffs in error believed that the local statute was unconstitutional and invalid because of conflict with the federal Constitution or statute, they could and should have said so; but the validity of the act was nowhere specifically drawn in question.

Writ of error dismissed.