Campbell v. Pratt, 18 U.S. 429 (1820)

U.S. Supreme Court

Campbell v. Pratt, 18 U.S. 5 Wheat. 429 429 (1820) Campbell v. Pratt

18 U.S. (5 Wheat.) 429

Syllabus

Explanation of the former decree of this Court in the same case, 13 U. S. 9 Cranch 456.

MR. JUSTICE JOHNSON delivered the opinion of the Court.

The principal question in this case is whether the circuit court has executed the decrees formerly pronounced between these parties according to their true intent and meaning. Some obscurity has been thrown over the meaning of those decrees from an obvious error in copying them into the minutes. The primary object of this Court was to give to Law the benefit of a foreclosure in all the lots included in the mortgage from Morris, Nicholson, and Greenleaf in whose right, Pratt, Francis & Company founded their claim. But being called upon by the equity of intervening interests (in creating which Law himself had had some agency), they decreed a distribution of the whole amount due to Law, between that class of lots, still held by the mortgagor, and that which had passed into the hands

Page 18 U. S. 430

of the present appellants. This class was again subject to another discrimination, inasmuch as thirteen of the thirty-two purchased by the appellant were subject to a second mortgage, executed by Morris, Nicholson, and Greenleaf to one Duncanson, and the equitable interest in which was adjudged to the assignee of Greenleaf. The sum which thirty-two lots were decreed to contribute to the payment of Law was to be determined by the ratio which these lots bore to the whole of the mortgaged premises.

It is now contended that another distribution of the sum thus charged is to be made between the lots thus mortgaged to Duncanson and the remaining lots of this class. And it is ascertained that the consequence will be putting a considerable sum in the pocket of this appellant, to the prejudice of Duncanson's mortgage, as the sale of those thirteen lots falls considerably short of satisfying the sum decreed on that mortgage. That is that these thirteen lots shall be charged ratably with the sum charged upon the whole class, so as to contribute to relieve the remaining lots, and by thus contributing to the satisfaction of Law's mortgage, leave the larger sum from the sale of the remaining lots to be paid over to this appellant. This, it is contended, is both conformable to the decree and to general principles.

If conformable to the decree, it is in vain to refer to general principles. But we think the purport of the decree is obviously otherwise. Campbell claiming

Page 18 U. S. 431

as purchaser at sheriffs' sales, under an attachment of the interest of the mortgagors, filed his bill for a redemption of the whole of this class of lots, and the court decreed that he be permitted to redeem, on payment, first, of the ratio of Law's mortgage, charged on this class, secondly, on payment of two-thirds of the amount of principal and interest of the debt due to Duncanson. And as the opposite claimants had filed their bill for a foreclosure, a sale is ordered of the whole of this class of lots to raise the money, to be applied in the same manner, if Campbell should fail in six months to redeem. The application of the amount of sales must then be regulated by the right of redemption as decreed to Campbell, and that is that he pay first the contribution to Law, secondly the amount due to Duncanson upon which conditions only he could hold the lots discharged of the mortgages, and consequently, after those payments only could he receive the balance of the money, the representative of his remaining interest in the land.

And this exposition of the decree is perfectly consonant with general principles. All the doubt in the case has been raised by the effort to exhibit this appellant as the holder of an independent interest -- that is, as a third encumbrancer. But this is by no means his relative character. He is nothing more than the legal representative of the interests of Morris, Nicholson, and Greenleaf in the lots attached and sold to him. The attachment was levied upon the equity of redemption existing in those mortgagors,

Page 18 U. S. 432

and the decision of this Court in supporting his right was placed upon the decision of the courts of Maryland (in which the land then lay), which maintained the validity of an attachment levied upon an equity of redemption. He was, then, nothing more than the assignee of an equity of redemption, and could claim no greater equity as against either Duncanson or Law. That he was not to be considered as a subsequent encumbrancer is conclusively determined by this consideration, that there would then have been no equity of redemption outstanding in anyone. In the relation of the assignee of an equity of redemption, he appeared first in this Court, and it is obvious from the former decree that in that light only did this Court view him. In this light, he could lay claim to no rights inconsistent with those of the creditor, and as far as the proceeds of the 13 lots were adequate to satisfying Duncanson, he could be entitled to nothing until that debt was paid. Any other application of the proceeds of those lots would be preferring the mortgagor to the mortgagee, or the debtor to the creditor, and confer on the assignee of the equity of redemption a greater equity against the mortgagee than could have been decreed to the original mortgagor.

That part of the decision of the circuit court will therefore, be affirmed. But of the remaining two points, it will be necessary to refer the subject in order to have the statements and evidence in this record compared, upon which a conclusion must be formed. If this appellant has been charged with a greater amount than his just ratio of the debt due to

Page 18 U. S. 433

Law, he is entitled to relief. But the principles being established, this becomes a mere matter of numerical calculation.

Decree accordingly.