OXLEY v. COWPERTHWAITE, 1 U.S. 349 (1788)
U.S. Supreme Court
OXLEY v. COWPERTHWAITE, 1 U.S. 349 (1788)1 U.S. 349 (Dall.)
Oxley
v.
Cowperthwaite, Sheriff
Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
September Term, 1788
This was an action against the Sheriff for taking insufficient sureties on a replevin bond; and the question materially discussed on the trial, was, whether a Sheriff is responsible that the sureties shall prove sufficient on the event of the replevin; or only that they were of good credit at the time of their entering into the bond?
Sergeant, for the Plaintiff, observed, that the Defendant in replevin could not controul the Sheriff in accepting or rejecting the sureties, and, therefore, he ought not, in justice, to be affected by their eventual insolvency; and, he insisted, that, in law, the Sheriff takes them at his peril, and is answerable for their proving sufficient. Gilb. on Dist. 67. 176. 1 Bac. Abr. 207.
Levy, for the Defendant, stated the history, nature, and duties of the Sheriff's office from Robinson's Charles the fifth. 1 Vol. p. 213.
and contended, that if a Sheriff discharged his duty bona fide, and with reasonable diligence, he was not responsible for consequences which no human foresight could penetrate or prevent.
Shippen, President.
The only point for decision is, whether the Sheriff is responsible for the sufficiency of the sureties at the time of taking the bond; or at the end of the suit, when the landlord has established his right to the rent for which the goods were distrained?
The case of a bail-bond differs, I think, in one respect, at least, from a replevin bond; for the sufficiency of the former may speedily be enquired into, but the latter must wait the event of the replevin, which may be suspended for several years, untill, perhaps, by the vicissitudes of trade and fortune, the sureties have become insolvent. This, therefore, is certainly a hard part of the Sheriff's duty. But there is likewise, a hardship in the case of the landlord; for, by the replevin he is divested of the immediate security of his tenant's goods, and yet has no right to interfere in the choice of the sureties, that undertake to see them returned when he has established his demand.
From this view, then, it certainly seems reasonable, that he, who is exclusively authorized to take and judge of the security, should rather be affected by its eventual insufficiency, than he who has no right to question its validity. The authorities, indeed, are positive, that, if the sureties do not prove sufficient, the Sheriff is liable; and, although the case must frequently have happened, no contrary decision can be produced; for in Murdock versus Will (see ant. 341,) and Welsh versus Procter, both lately tried here, the Council put the cases upon the point of insufficiency of the sureties at the time of taking them; so that the present point never came in question.
That the policy of the law in this respect bears hard upon the Sheriff, may be a reason with the Legislature to make some new provision for an enquiry into the sufficiency of the bail in an earlier stage of the cause; but cannot be a justification for our deciding, at this time, contrary to an established principle.
The Court are, therefore, clearly of opinion, that the verdict, on the question of law, ought to be in favor of the Plaintiff.
And, accordingly, the Jury gave the Plaintiff damages to the value of the goods at the time they were distrained.*
Footnotes[Footnote *] See Murdock versus Will ant. 341.
U.S. Supreme Court
OXLEY v. COWPERTHWAITE, 1 U.S. 349 (1788) 1 U.S. 349 (Dall.) Oxleyv.
Cowperthwaite, Sheriff Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County September Term, 1788 This was an action against the Sheriff for taking insufficient sureties on a replevin bond; and the question materially discussed on the trial, was, whether a Sheriff is responsible that the sureties shall prove sufficient on the event of the replevin; or only that they were of good credit at the time of their entering into the bond? Sergeant, for the Plaintiff, observed, that the Defendant in replevin could not controul the Sheriff in accepting or rejecting the sureties, and, therefore, he ought not, in justice, to be affected by their eventual insolvency; and, he insisted, that, in law, the Sheriff takes them at his peril, and is answerable for their proving sufficient. Gilb. on Dist. 67. 176. 1 Bac. Abr. 207. Levy, for the Defendant, stated the history, nature, and duties of the Sheriff's office from Robinson's Charles the fifth. 1 Vol. p. 213. Page 1 U.S. 349, 350 and contended, that if a Sheriff discharged his duty bona fide, and with reasonable diligence, he was not responsible for consequences which no human foresight could penetrate or prevent. Shippen, President. The only point for decision is, whether the Sheriff is responsible for the sufficiency of the sureties at the time of taking the bond; or at the end of the suit, when the landlord has established his right to the rent for which the goods were distrained? The case of a bail-bond differs, I think, in one respect, at least, from a replevin bond; for the sufficiency of the former may speedily be enquired into, but the latter must wait the event of the replevin, which may be suspended for several years, untill, perhaps, by the vicissitudes of trade and fortune, the sureties have become insolvent. This, therefore, is certainly a hard part of the Sheriff's duty. But there is likewise, a hardship in the case of the landlord; for, by the replevin he is divested of the immediate security of his tenant's goods, and yet has no right to interfere in the choice of the sureties, that undertake to see them returned when he has established his demand. From this view, then, it certainly seems reasonable, that he, who is exclusively authorized to take and judge of the security, should rather be affected by its eventual insufficiency, than he who has no right to question its validity. The authorities, indeed, are positive, that, if the sureties do not prove sufficient, the Sheriff is liable; and, although the case must frequently have happened, no contrary decision can be produced; for in Murdock versus Will (see ant. 341,) and Welsh versus Procter, both lately tried here, the Council put the cases upon the point of insufficiency of the sureties at the time of taking them; so that the present point never came in question. That the policy of the law in this respect bears hard upon the Sheriff, may be a reason with the Legislature to make some new provision for an enquiry into the sufficiency of the bail in an earlier stage of the cause; but cannot be a justification for our deciding, at this time, contrary to an established principle. The Court are, therefore, clearly of opinion, that the verdict, on the question of law, ought to be in favor of the Plaintiff. And, accordingly, the Jury gave the Plaintiff damages to the value of the goods at the time they were distrained.* Footnotes [Footnote *] See Murdock versus Will ant. 341.
